Kuyini ukungcoliswa kwamanzi?
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kubhekisela emazingeni angajwayelekileIzigaba ezinhlanu ezinkulu zezinkomba emanzini avela emthonjeni—izakhiwo zezinzwa, ukungcola okungaphili, ukungcola okungokwemvelo, ama-microorganism, kanye ne-radioactivity—ezithinta inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwamanzi kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokungcola ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, okubeka izingozi ekuphepheni kwamanzi okuphuza kanye nempilo yabantu.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kwenzeka lapho imisebenzi yabantu ishintsha izakhiwo zemvelo kanye nokwakheka kwamanzi, okuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwawo noma okusongela impilo yabantu. Kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine:
1. Ukungcola okungokwemvelo: Ukuwohloka kwephunga, ukunambitheka, ukubukeka, kanye nokucaca ngemva kokuba ukungcola kungena emanzini emvelo.
2. Ukungcoliswa komzimba: Izinto ezingcolisayo ezishintsha izakhiwo zamanzi, njengokushisa, izinto ezinemisebe, uwoyela, kanye negwebu.
3. Ukungcola kwamakhemikhali: Izinto ezingcolisa amanzi ezishintsha izici zamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa ama-acid, ama-alkali, usawoti, izinto ezinobuthi, kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane.
4. Ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo: Ukufakwa kwamagciwane abangela izifo emanzini, angasakaza izifo ezahlukahlukene ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile.
Yimuphi umonakalo obangelwa ukungcola kwamanzi?
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, amanzi anezinga elithile lomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, okubalulekile empilweni yasemanzini futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni i-oxidation okukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kanye nokuwohloka kokungcola—okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile emandleni okuzihlanza ngokwemvelo kwezindawo zamanzi.
Ukukhishwa kwendle yasekhaya equkethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-potassium, kanye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, kukhipha izakhamzimba ezikhuthaza ukuqhakaza kwe-algal kanye nokukhula ngokweqile kwezitshalo. Lokhu kuholela ekujikelezeni kwamanzi okungekuhle, ukwehla okukhulu komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, ngisho nokwakheka kwezindawo eziphelelwe umoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo zasemanzini ziyafa ngobuningi, amanzi aba mnyama, akhiphe iphunga elibi, futhi aguquke abe “amachibi afile,” “imifula efile,” noma “ulwandle olufile,” ekugcineni lube amaxhaphozi. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi i-eutrophication. Amanzi e-eutrophic abonakala ngamaphunga anamandla, umbala ojulile, kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamagciwane—okwenza angafaneleki ukusetshenziswa ngqo futhi ngokuvamile kuholele ekufeni kwezinhlanzi eziningi.
Umonakalo wamanziUkungcola kungabonakala ezindaweni ezintathu ezibalulekile:
1.Ukulimaza imvelo: Kuholela ekunciphiseni noma ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kwehlise inani lezinsizakusebenza zemvelo ezahlukahlukene, futhi kuphazamise ibhalansi yezemvelo.
2.Ukulimaza umkhiqizo: Amanzi angcolile ahluleka ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zezimboni noma zezolimo angaholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho.
3.Ukulimaza impilo yabantu: Ukuphuza amanzi angcolile kungabangela ubuthi obuyingozi noma obungapheli, umdlavuza, izifo ezithelelanayo, kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ngaphandle kokugula ngokomzimba, imiphumela engathandeki yezinzwa zamanzi angcolile ingathinta nokuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonke kanye nenhlalakahle yabo engokomzwelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-01-2026